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Gaspar Yanga
Gaspar Yanga—often simply Yanga or Nyanga (c.1545-?)〔(Luis Camilla, "Gaspar Yanga" ), Black Past, accessed 10 December 2014〕 —was an African leader of a maroon colony of fugitive slaves in the highlands near Veracruz, Mexico during the early period of Spanish colonial rule. He is known for successfully resisting a Spanish attack on the colony in 1609, although both sides suffered losses. The maroons continued their raids. Finally in 1618, Yanga achieved an agreement with the colonial government for self-rule of the settlement, later called San Lorenzo de los Negros and also San Lorenzo de Cerralvo.〔 Located in today's Veracruz province, in 1932 the town was renamed as Yanga in his honor. In the late 19th century, Yanga was named as a "national hero of Mexico" and “El Primer Libertador de las Americas.”
==Early life==
Yanga, aka Nyanga, was said to be of the Bran people〔Curto, José C. and Renée Soulodre-LaFrance. ''(Africa and the Americas )''. Africa World Press: Trenton, New Jersey. 2005. pp. 174-177.〕 and a member of the royal family of Gabon.〔Rodriguez, Junius P. ed. ''(Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion )''. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut. 2007.〕 He was captured and sold into slavery in Mexico, where he was called Gaspar Yanga. Before the end of the slave trade, New Spain had the second-highest number of African slaves after Brazil and developed the largest free black population in the Americas.〔
Around 1570, Yanga led a band of slaves in escaping to the highlands near Veracruz.〔(El Primer Libertador de las Americas/The First Liberator of the Americas", Editor's Notes ). ''Callaloo'' 31.1 (2008). pp1-11.〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2011/05/gaspar-yanga-1570-african-slave-revolt.html )〕 They built a small maroon colony, or ''palenque''.〔p5〕 Its isolation helped protect it for more than 30 years, and other fugitive slaves found their way there. Because the people survived in part by raiding caravans taking goods traveling the Camino Real (Royal Road) between Veracruz and Mexico City, in 1609 the Spanish colonial government decided to undertake a campaign to regain control of this territory.〔p5〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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